Research background · Updated November 1, 2026
VIP Research: Publications, Study Types and Background
Short answer
VIP. As of November 1, 2026, PubMed indexes 13,550 records matching VIP, the earliest from 1971; 956 were published in 2021–2025 and 1,134 are reviews. ClinicalTrials.gov lists 57 registered studies matching the compound.
- PubMed records
- 13,550
- Earliest record
- 1971
- Published 2021–2025
- 956
- Reviews
- 1,134
- Animal-only studies
- 8,177
- Registered studies
- 57
Publications per year, 2006–2025
2,010 records in 2016–2025 against 2,257 in 2006–2015; the busiest year was 2006, with 270.
See the numbers
| Year | PubMed records |
|---|---|
| 2006 | 270 |
| 2007 | 245 |
| 2008 | 243 |
| 2009 | 217 |
| 2010 | 238 |
| 2011 | 212 |
| 2012 | 188 |
| 2013 | 230 |
| 2014 | 222 |
| 2015 | 192 |
| 2016 | 173 |
| 2017 | 168 |
| 2018 | 210 |
| 2019 | 211 |
| 2020 | 202 |
| 2021 | 206 |
| 2022 | 214 |
| 2023 | 208 |
| 2024 | 196 |
| 2025 | 222 |
Study types
| All PubMed records | 13,550 |
|---|---|
| Reviews | 1,1348% |
| Animal studies (no human subjects indexed) | 8,17760% |
| Indexed as clinical trials | 1681% |
| Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov | 57 |
Categories overlap and follow PubMed’s own indexing; recent records may not be indexed yet.
Primary research directions
What 3 of the most-cited and most recent VIP papers report, in their own authors’ terms. Each line links the paper it came from.
Vascular smooth muscle relaxation
In cat and rabbit cerebral arteries, VIP levels correlated with the presence of non-cholinergic nerve-mediated vasodilation, and relaxation to VIP persisted without endothelium, which the authors say is consistent with VIP mediating that response.
AnimalsDuckles SP 1982European journal of pharmacologyPMID 6121712
Cytokines and NF-kB signaling
In a rat knee osteoarthritis model, intra-articular VIP plasmid improved joint pathology, lowered serum TNF-alpha and IL-2 and raised IL-4; in cultured synoviocytes it reduced TNF-alpha, MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 and increased collagen II, which the authors link to inhibition of NF-kB signaling.
RatsLiang Y 2018Journal of biomedical sciencePMID 29540226
Mucosal immune regulation
In purified human B cells, VIP together with CD40 stimulation induced IgA production and mu-to-alpha class switching, which neither alone did; the authors suggest VIP may help direct the humoral immune response at mucosal surfaces.
CellsFujieda S 1996The Journal of clinical investigationPMID 8833899
Most-studied topics
The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) PubMed indexers most often marked as a main topic, across 400 of the 13,550 records. They describe what the literature is about, not what VIP does.
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide334 papers
- Gastrointestinal Hormones116 papers
- Neurons29 papers
- Suprachiasmatic Nucleus17 papers
- Substance P17 papers
- Pancreatic Neoplasms16 papers
- Circadian Rhythm13 papers
- Muscle, Smooth12 papers
Key papers
Earliest indexed record
Barbezat GO (1971). Science (New York, N.Y.).
PMID 5111998Most-cited paper · 681 citations
Larsson LI (1976). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
PMID 787988Most-cited #2 · 519 citations
Bryant MG (1976). Lancet (London, England).
PMID 57443Most-cited #3 · 484 citations
Usdin TB (1993). Endocrinology.
PMID 8243312
Citation counts from NIH iCite, among the 400 records sampled. Titles are left out; open each record on PubMed to read it.
Identity
| Identity data | On request |
|---|
Identity data from PubChem, retrieved November 1, 2026, on the VIP page.
How these numbers were counted
- PubMed search, run November 1, 2026:
"vasoactive intestinal peptide"[tiab] OR "vasoactive intestinal polypeptide"[tiab]re-run it. Study types add PubMed’s own filters (review, clinical trial, animals not humans). - Topics: MeSH major-topic headings counted across up to 400 of the matching records; headings for study set-up (species, sex, age) are left out.
- Citations: NIH iCite citation counts for the same records.
- ClinicalTrials.gov search:
"vasoactive intestinal peptide"re-run it. Any phase, any status.
This page reports what has been published and what papers say they found, with each source linked. It gives no dosing or usage information, and nothing here is a reason to use VIP outside a laboratory.
Wholesale supply
VIP, sourced to order for research.
Not held in the listed catalog. Tell us the vial size and the number of vials and we come back with availability, documentation and pricing in writing.
VIP research questions
How much research has been published on VIP?
PubMed indexes 13,550 records matching VIP (searched November 1, 2026), including 1,134 reviews and 168 records indexed as clinical trials. 956 were published in the five years 2021–2025.
When was VIP first described in the literature?
The earliest PubMed record matching VIP is from 1971 (Barbezat GO, Science (New York, N.Y.), PMID 5111998).
What topics does the VIP literature cover?
The subject headings PubMed indexers most often marked as a main topic of VIP papers are Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Gastrointestinal Hormones, Neurons, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. These describe what the literature is about. Findings from individual papers, with their sources, are summarized on this page.
Is VIP sold for human use?
No. Vanta Foundry supplies it for laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary use, and not a drug, food, cosmetic or dietary supplement.
Where can I buy VIP wholesale for research?
We source VIP to order rather than stock it. Tell us the vial size and number of vials on WhatsApp or by email and the quote confirms availability, documentation and pricing.
Research materials supplied by Vanta Foundry are for laboratory research use only. They are not for human or veterinary use and are not drugs, foods, cosmetics or dietary supplements. Websites and payment processing are business services for research-supply brands.
All compounds: research peptide publication statistics.