Research background · Updated November 1, 2026
PT-141 Research: Publications, Study Types and Background
Short answer
PT-141 is listed as synthetic cyclic heptapeptide melanocortin analogue, N-acetylated, C-terminal free acid. As of November 1, 2026, PubMed indexes 113 records matching PT-141, the earliest from 1995; 45 were published in 2021–2025 and 57 are reviews. ClinicalTrials.gov lists 10 registered studies matching the compound.
- PubMed records
- 113
- Earliest record
- 1995
- Published 2021–2025
- 45
- Reviews
- 57
- Animal-only studies
- 7
- Registered studies
- 10
Publications per year, 2006–2025
77 records in 2016–2025 against 26 in 2006–2015; the busiest year was 2022, with 14.
See the numbers
| Year | PubMed records |
|---|---|
| 2006 | 5 |
| 2007 | 7 |
| 2008 | 7 |
| 2009 | 0 |
| 2010 | 0 |
| 2011 | 1 |
| 2012 | 2 |
| 2013 | 0 |
| 2014 | 2 |
| 2015 | 2 |
| 2016 | 2 |
| 2017 | 5 |
| 2018 | 4 |
| 2019 | 6 |
| 2020 | 7 |
| 2021 | 10 |
| 2022 | 14 |
| 2023 | 8 |
| 2024 | 8 |
| 2025 | 13 |
Study types
| All PubMed records | 113 |
|---|---|
| Reviews | 5750% |
| Animal studies (no human subjects indexed) | 76% |
| Indexed as clinical trials | 1614% |
| Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov | 10 |
Categories overlap and follow PubMed’s own indexing; recent records may not be indexed yet.
Primary research directions
What 2 of the most-cited and most recent PT-141 papers report, in their own authors’ terms. Each line links the paper it came from.
Melanocortin-4 receptor
This review describes bremelanotide (PT-141) as a melanocortin receptor agonist with affinity for the melanocortin-4 receptor, which is thought to be important for sexual function, and summarizes the milestones leading to its first regulatory approval in the USA.
ReviewDhillon S 2019DrugsPMID 31429064
Development history
This review describes PT-141 as a synthetic peptide analogue then in development as a nasal spray for erectile dysfunction and female sexual dysfunction, with a phase IIb trial completed in 2003.
ReviewHedlund P 2004Current opinion in investigational drugsPMID 15134289
Most-studied topics
The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) PubMed indexers most often marked as a main topic, across 113 of the 113 records. They describe what the literature is about, not what PT-141 does.
- Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological40 papers
- alpha-MSH30 papers
- Peptides, Cyclic27 papers
- Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological22 papers
- Libido10 papers
- Erectile Dysfunction10 papers
- Clinical Trials as Topic10 papers
- Receptors, Melanocortin7 papers
Key papers
Earliest indexed record
Hubálek Z (1995). Central European journal of public health.
PMID 7787820Most-cited paper · 103 citations
Kingsberg SA (2019). Obstetrics and gynecology.
PMID 31599840Most-cited #2 · 90 citations
Diamond LE (2004). International journal of impotence research.
PMID 14963471Most-cited #3 · 90 citations
Pfaus JG (2004). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
PMID 15226502
Citation counts from NIH iCite, among the 113 records sampled. Titles are left out; open each record on PubMed to read it.
Identity
| Synonyms and codes | Bremelanotide |
|---|---|
| Description | Synthetic cyclic heptapeptide melanocortin analogue, N-acetylated, C-terminal free acid |
| Supplied form | Lyophilized powder |
| CAS number | 189691-06-3 |
| Molecular formula | C50H68N14O10 |
| Molecular weight | 1025.2 g/mol |
| Sequence | Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-OH |
As published by Vanta Labs, with its sources, on the PT-141 page.
How these numbers were counted
- PubMed search, run November 1, 2026:
bremelanotide[tiab] OR "PT-141"[tiab] OR "PT 141"[tiab]re-run it. Study types add PubMed’s own filters (review, clinical trial, animals not humans). - Topics: MeSH major-topic headings counted across up to 400 of the matching records; headings for study set-up (species, sex, age) are left out.
- Citations: NIH iCite citation counts for the same records.
- ClinicalTrials.gov search:
bremelanotide OR "PT-141"re-run it. Any phase, any status.
This page reports what has been published and what papers say they found, with each source linked. It gives no dosing or usage information, and nothing here is a reason to use PT-141 outside a laboratory.
Wholesale supply
PT-141 for research, documented lot by lot.
10mg vials, with a published report printing 99.422% HPLC purity. Every wholesale lot comes with its certificate of analysis, and your quote names the lot. Pricing on inquiry.
PT-141 research questions
How much research has been published on PT-141?
PubMed indexes 113 records matching PT-141 (searched November 1, 2026), including 57 reviews and 16 records indexed as clinical trials. 45 were published in the five years 2021–2025.
When was PT-141 first described in the literature?
The earliest PubMed record matching PT-141 is from 1995 (Hubálek Z, Central European journal of public health, PMID 7787820).
What topics does the PT-141 literature cover?
The subject headings PubMed indexers most often marked as a main topic of PT-141 papers are Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological, alpha-MSH, Peptides, Cyclic, Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological. These describe what the literature is about. Findings from individual papers, with their sources, are summarized on this page.
What is the regulatory status of PT-141?
The material supplied here is a research chemical. It is not a drug product and is not for human or veterinary use.
Is PT-141 sold for human use?
No. Vanta Foundry supplies it for laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary use, and not a drug, food, cosmetic or dietary supplement.
Where can I buy PT-141 wholesale for research?
From the Vanta Foundry wholesale catalog: add it to your list, choose sizes and the number of vials, and send it on WhatsApp or by email. Every wholesale lot comes with a certificate of analysis.
Research materials supplied by Vanta Foundry are for laboratory research use only. They are not for human or veterinary use and are not drugs, foods, cosmetics or dietary supplements. Websites and payment processing are business services for research-supply brands.
All compounds: research peptide publication statistics.