Research background · Updated November 1, 2026
NAD+ Research: Publications, Study Types and Background
Short answer
NAD+ is listed as dinucleotide coenzyme. As of November 1, 2026, PubMed indexes 58,579 records matching NAD+, the earliest from 1957; 10,916 were published in 2021–2025 and 5,559 are reviews. ClinicalTrials.gov lists 762 registered studies matching the compound.
- PubMed records
- 58,579
- Earliest record
- 1957
- Published 2021–2025
- 10,916
- Reviews
- 5,559
- Animal-only studies
- 19,099
- Registered studies
- 762
Publications per year, 2006–2025
21,739 records in 2016–2025 against 15,207 in 2006–2015; the busiest year was 2025, with 2,571.
See the numbers
| Year | PubMed records |
|---|---|
| 2006 | 1,129 |
| 2007 | 1,197 |
| 2008 | 1,349 |
| 2009 | 1,304 |
| 2010 | 1,410 |
| 2011 | 1,521 |
| 2012 | 1,681 |
| 2013 | 1,969 |
| 2014 | 1,855 |
| 2015 | 1,792 |
| 2016 | 1,806 |
| 2017 | 1,898 |
| 2018 | 1,955 |
| 2019 | 2,047 |
| 2020 | 2,208 |
| 2021 | 2,338 |
| 2022 | 2,322 |
| 2023 | 2,242 |
| 2024 | 2,352 |
| 2025 | 2,571 |
Study types
| All PubMed records | 58,579 |
|---|---|
| Reviews | 5,5599% |
| Animal studies (no human subjects indexed) | 19,09933% |
| Indexed as clinical trials | 3241% |
| Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov | 762 |
Categories overlap and follow PubMed’s own indexing; recent records may not be indexed yet.
Primary research directions
What 3 of the most-cited and most recent NAD+ papers report, in their own authors’ terms. Each line links the paper it came from.
Energy metabolism and ageing
This review describes NAD+ as a coenzyme for redox reactions central to energy metabolism, links declining NAD+ levels with ageing-associated conditions including cognitive decline, metabolic disease and sarcopenia, and states that targeting NAD+ metabolism has emerged as a potential approach to age-related disease.
ReviewCovarrubias AJ 2021Nature reviews. Molecular cell biologyPMID 33353981
Sirtuins and NAD+ intermediates
This review proposes that combining sirtuin activation with supplementation of NAD+ intermediates may counteract age-associated functional decline, including in neurodegenerative disease; it is presented as a hypothesis for an anti-ageing intervention.
ReviewImai S 2014Trends in cell biologyPMID 24786309
Cellular senescence
This review discusses how the low-NAD+ state of ageing may affect cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, and notes that the impact of NAD+ metabolism on the progression of senescence has not yet been fully determined.
ReviewChini CCS 2024Aging cellPMID 37424179
Most-studied topics
The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) PubMed indexers most often marked as a main topic, across 400 of the 58,579 records. They describe what the literature is about, not what NAD+ does.
- NAD287 papers
- Niacinamide22 papers
- Aging15 papers
- Research15 papers
- Nicotinamide Mononucleotide14 papers
- Mitochondria13 papers
- Brain10 papers
- Liver10 papers
Key papers
Earliest indexed record
DOHNAL V (1957). Ceskoslovenske zdravotnictvi.
PMID 13447111Most-cited paper · 1,114 citations
Verdin E (2015). Science (New York, N.Y.).
PMID 26785480Most-cited #2 · 538 citations
Katsyuba E (2020). Nature metabolism.
PMID 32694684Most-cited #3 · 384 citations
Elhassan YS (2019). Cell reports.
PMID 31412242
Citation counts from NIH iCite, among the 400 records sampled. Titles are left out; open each record on PubMed to read it.
Identity
| Synonyms and codes | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, Nadide, beta-NAD, Coenzyme I |
|---|---|
| Description | Dinucleotide coenzyme |
| Supplied form | Lyophilized powder |
| CAS number | 53-84-9 |
| Molecular formula | C21H27N7O14P2 |
| Molecular weight | 663.4 g/mol |
As published by Vanta Labs, with its sources, on the NAD+ page.
How these numbers were counted
- PubMed search, run November 1, 2026:
"nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide"[tiab] OR "NAD+"[tiab]re-run it. Study types add PubMed’s own filters (review, clinical trial, animals not humans). - Topics: MeSH major-topic headings counted across up to 400 of the matching records; headings for study set-up (species, sex, age) are left out.
- Citations: NIH iCite citation counts for the same records.
- ClinicalTrials.gov search:
"nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide" OR NAD+re-run it. Any phase, any status.
This page reports what has been published and what papers say they found, with each source linked. It gives no dosing or usage information, and nothing here is a reason to use NAD+ outside a laboratory.
Wholesale supply
NAD+ for research, documented lot by lot.
500mg, 1000mg vials, with a published report printing 99.659% HPLC purity. Every wholesale lot comes with its certificate of analysis, and your quote names the lot. Pricing on inquiry.
NAD+ research questions
How much research has been published on NAD+?
PubMed indexes 58,579 records matching NAD+ (searched November 1, 2026), including 5,559 reviews and 324 records indexed as clinical trials. 10,916 were published in the five years 2021–2025.
When was NAD+ first described in the literature?
The earliest PubMed record matching NAD+ is from 1957 (DOHNAL V, Ceskoslovenske zdravotnictvi, PMID 13447111).
What topics does the NAD+ literature cover?
The subject headings PubMed indexers most often marked as a main topic of NAD+ papers are NAD, Niacinamide, Aging, Research. These describe what the literature is about. Findings from individual papers, with their sources, are summarized on this page.
What is the regulatory status of NAD+?
NAD+ (nadide) is not listed as an approved drug in the FDA's Drugs@FDA database (searched 24 September 2026).
Is NAD+ sold for human use?
No. Vanta Foundry supplies it for laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary use, and not a drug, food, cosmetic or dietary supplement.
Where can I buy NAD+ wholesale for research?
From the Vanta Foundry wholesale catalog: add it to your list, choose sizes and the number of vials, and send it on WhatsApp or by email. Every wholesale lot comes with a certificate of analysis.
Research materials supplied by Vanta Foundry are for laboratory research use only. They are not for human or veterinary use and are not drugs, foods, cosmetics or dietary supplements. Websites and payment processing are business services for research-supply brands.
All compounds: research peptide publication statistics.